What is a flange ?
A flange is a component that connects two pipes or other equipment to form a piping system. It is typically a flat disk with holes for bolts that connect it to another flange. Flanges are used in various industries, including oil and gas, chemical, and water treatment plants.
The main purpose of using flanges is to provide easy access for maintenance, inspection, and cleaning of the pipeline. They also help to join pipes of different sizes and shapes. Another function of flanges is to provide support and stability to the pipeline.
Flanges are made from different materials, including carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel. The selection of materials depends on factors such as the fluid being transported, pressure and temperature requirements, and environmental conditions.
Standards and codes for flanges include ANSI/ASME B16.5, API 6A, DIN, JIS, and BS. These standards specify the dimensions, pressure ratings, and materials used in manufacturing flanges.
Flange Types
There are several types of flanges, each with its unique features and applications, below are the mostly used flanges:
Blind flanges: Used to close off the end of a pipe or valve.
Welding neck flange: Used when high-pressure conditions are present, and welding is required.
Slip-on flange: Used for low-pressure applications and ideal for quick assembly and disassembly.
Socket weld flange: Used for small-diameter, high-pressure piping systems.
Threaded flange: Used for low-pressure applications where welding is not an option.
Lap joint flange: Used in combination with a stub end to facilitate dismantling of the piping system.
Plate flange: Used in low-pressure applications and requires welding to the adjoining pipe.
Reducing flange: Used to connect pipes of different diameters.
Puddle flange: Used to prevent water from entering a reinforced concrete structure, such as a tank or basement.
Puddle Flanges
Puddle flanges are essential in tanks because they help to prevent water from seeping through the concrete walls or floors. If puddle flanges were not used, water could penetrate the concrete, leading to structural damage and possible collapse of the tank.
To select the right puddle flange, you need to consider factors such as the size and shape of the pipe, installation location, and the type of liquid being transported. The dimensions of the puddle flange also need to be designed based on the thickness of the concrete wall or floor and the expected water pressure.
In summary, flanges are important components in piping systems, and their selection depends on various factors such as the application, material compatibility, and pressure requirements. Puddle flanges are particularly important in tanks and other concrete structures to prevent water penetration, and their design and dimensions need to be carefully considered to ensure optimal performance.
Types of Flanges